Ask five owners how much exercise a dog needs and you will get five answers. That is because vets and welfare groups do not give one number. The PDSA, the UK's veterinary charity, says the right amount depends on age, size, breed, health and lifestyle. It notes that some breeds need a minimum of one to two hours a day and working breeds significantly more, while smaller breeds often do well with up to an hour. The Kennel Club's baseline is simpler: every dog should have at least one walk a day, often two.
So the planner below does not hand out a verdict. It gives you a sensible starting point for a day, built from those sources. Then you watch your dog and adjust: a dog who settles happily after a walk is getting enough, and a dog who is wrecking the sofa or panting and limping is telling you something different.
The PDSA lists brain games, feeding puzzles, snuffle mats and sniffing-focused walks as part of a dog's routine, and Blue Cross notes that mental exercise is really tiring for young pups. A slow walk where your dog can stop and sniff often wears them out more than a fast march. If your dog seems restless after a long walk, try swapping ten minutes of the walk for a treat hunt.
You will often hear "five minutes per month of age". Blue Cross and the Kennel Club offer it as a guide, up to twice a day. The PDSA says there is no scientific evidence for the rule and that it is not appropriate for most puppies. What they all agree on: do not over-exercise a growing puppy, let them rest when tired, skip jogging and long hikes until fully grown, and wait until the vaccinations are complete before walks outside. That is why the planner treats the number as a ceiling.
Too little can look like chewing, barking, pacing or pestering you all evening. Too much can look like limping, lagging behind, lying down on the walk, heavy panting or being stiff the next day. We are not vets and cannot say why a dog is doing any of these. If you see limping, laboured breathing or a sudden change, ask your vet.
Watch your dog, not the clock: a dog who comes home content and settles well is usually getting about the right amount.